INA500BIDBVR datasheet(29/50 Pages) TI1

29 / 50 page

0.00002%

-1

-21

-31

-41

-51

-61

+21

+31

+41

+51

+61

34.13% 13.59%

34.13%

13.59%

2.145%

2.145% 0.13185%

0.13185%

0.00312%

Figure 7-6. Ideal Gaussian Distribution

Figure 7-6 shows an example distribution, where µ, or mu, is the mean of the distribution, and where σ,

or sigma, is the standard deviation of a system. For a specification that exhibits this kind of distribution,

approximately two-thirds (68.26%) of all units can be expected to have a value within one standard deviation, or

one sigma, of the mean (from µ – σ to µ + σ).

Depending on the specification, values listed in the typical column of the Electrical Characteristics table are

represented in different ways. As a general rule, if a specification naturally has a nonzero mean (for example,

like gain bandwidth), then the typical value is equal to the mean (µ). However, if a specification naturally has a

mean near zero (like offset voltage), then the typical value is equal to the mean plus one standard deviation (µ +

σ) to most accurately represent the typical value.

This chart can be used to calculate approximate probability of a specification in a unit; for example, the INA500A

typical offset voltage is 700µV, so 68.2% of all INA500A devices are expected to have an offset from –700µV to

+700µV. At 4 σ (±2800µV), 99.9937% of the distribution has an offset voltage less than ±2800µV, which means

0.0063% of the population is outside of these limits, which corresponds to about 1 in 15,873 units.

Specifications with a value in the minimum or maximum column are verified by TI, and units outside these

limits are removed from production material. For example, the INA500A family has a maximum offset voltage of

±3.5mV at 25°C, and even though this corresponds to 5σ (equals approximately 1 in 3.5 million units), which is

extremely unlikely, TI verifies that any unit with larger offset than ±3.5mV are removed from production material.

For specifications with no value in the minimum or maximum column, consider selecting a sigma value of

sufficient guard band for the application, and design worst-case conditions using this value. A 6σ value

corresponds to about 1 in 500 million units, which is an extremely unlikely chance, and can be an option as

a wide guard band to design a system around. Histograms for some of the important specifications like offset,

offset drift, CMRR, gain error are shown in the Typical Characteristics section.

In the case of gain error, the INA500 family does not specify a maximum value based on final test but based on

characterization as mentioned in the Electrical Characteristics table. The corresponding distribution mentioned in

Figure 6-10 has a mean of 0.01% and sigma of 0.003%. Hence, the mean plus 6σ value for gain error can be

calculated to be approximately 0.03%. When designing for system conditions with 6σ guardband, this method

and value can be used to estimate the worst possible gain error.

www.ti.com

INA500

SBOSAI9B – DECEMBER 2023 – REVISED MARCH 2024

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