TLV2221, TLV2221Y

Advanced LinCMOS

™ RAIL-TO-RAIL

VERY LOW-POWER SINGLE OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

SLOS157A – JUNE 1996 – REVISED JANUARY 1997

26

POST OFFICE BOX 655303

APPLICATION INFORMATION

driving large capacitive loads

The TLV2221 is designed to drive larger capacitive loads than most CMOS operational amplifiers. Figure 49

through Figure 54 illustrate its ability to drive loads greater than 100 pF while maintaining good gain and phase

driving large capacitive loads. Figure 49 through Figure 52 show the effects of adding series resistances of

100

Ω, 200 Ω, 500 Ω, and 1 kΩ. The addition of this series resistor has two effects: the first effect is that it adds

a zero to the transfer function and the second effect is that it reduces the frequency of the pole associated with

the output load in the transfer function.

The zero introduced to the transfer function is equal to the series resistance times the load capacitance. To

calculate the approximate improvement in phase margin, equation (1) can be used.

∆φ

–1

2

null ×

C

L

∆φ

UGBW

+ unity-gain bandwidth frequency

R

C

(1)

where :

The unity-gain bandwidth (UGBW) frequency decreases as the capacitive load increases (Figure 53 and Figure

54). To use equation (1), UGBW must be approximated from Figure 53 and Figure 54.

VDD – / GND

VDD +

Rnull

CL

VI

+

–

RL

Figure 55. Series-Resistance Circuit

The TLV2221 is designed to provide better sinking and sourcing output currents than earlier CMOS rail-to-rail

output devices. This device is specified to sink 500

When driving heavy dc loads, such as 2 k

Ω, the positive edge under slewing conditions can experience some

distortion. This condition can be seen in Figure 37. This condition is affected by three factors:

distortion occurs only when the output signal swings through the point where the load is referenced.

Figure 38 illustrates two 2-k

Ω load conditions. The first load condition shows the distortion seen for a 2-kΩ

load tied to 2.5 V. The third load condition in Figure 38 shows no distortion for a 2-k

Ω load tied to 0 V.

illustrates the difference seen on the output for a 2-k

Ω load and a 100-kΩ load with both tied to 2.5 V.

edge rates.