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HCSR04 Datasheet(PDF) 1 Page - List of Unclassifed Manufacturers

Part # HCSR04
Description  Ultrasonic Sensor
PDF  6 Pages
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Manufacturer  ETC2 [List of Unclassifed Manufacturers]
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HCSR04 Datasheet(HTML) 1 Page - List of Unclassifed Manufacturers

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HC­SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor 
Elijah J. Morgan 
Nov. 16 2014 
 
 
The purpose of this file is to explain how the HC­SR04 works. It will give a brief 
explanation of how ultrasonic sensors work in general. It will also explain how to wire 
the sensor up to a microcontroller and how to take/interpret readings. It will also discuss 
some sources of errors and bad readings. 
 
1. How Ultrasonic Sensors Work 
2. HC­SR04 Specifications 
3. Timing chart, Pin explanations and Taking 
Distance Measurements 
4. Wiring HC­SR04 with a microcontroller 
5. Errors and Bad Readings 
 
1. How Ultrasonic Sensors Work 
Ultrasonic sensors use sound to determine the distance between the sensor and the 
closest object in its path. How do ultrasonic sensors do this? Ultrasonic sensors are 
essentially sound sensors, but they operate at a frequency above human hearing.  
The sensor sends out a sound wave at a specific frequency. It then listens for that specific 
sound wave to bounce off of an object and come back (Figure 1). The sensor keeps track 
of the time between sending the sound wave and the sound wave returning. If you know 
how fast something is going and how long it is traveling you can find the distance 
traveled with equation 1. 
 
Equation 1.   d = v × t  
 
The speed of sound can be calculated based on the a variety of atmospheric 
conditions, including temperature, humidity and pressure. Actually calculating the 
distance will be shown later on in this document. 
It should be noted that ultrasonic sensors have a cone of detection, the angle of 
this cone varies with distance, Figure 2 show this relation. The ability of a sensor to 


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