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AN1368 Datasheet(PDF) 1 Page - Microchip Technology |
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AN1368 Datasheet(HTML) 1 Page - Microchip Technology |
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1 / 34 page  2011 Microchip Technology Inc. DS01368A-page 1 AN1368 INTRODUCTION Graphic-enabled devices are used extensively in daily life. They are found everywhere, including indoor products, such as telephones, calculators, pagers, MP3 players, digital electric meters, smart remote and UPS displays. They are also used in outdoor products, such as traffic signals, taxi meters, bus displays, advertise- ment boards, etc. The list is virtually endless. A current trend is that many existing devices are becoming graphic-enabled because it is economically feasible, easy to use and the latest in technology. This application note is intended to help engineers who are designing their first graphic application. It describes the basic definitions and jargons of graphics applications and it helps the engineer to understand the theory, necessary decision factors, hardware considerations, available microcontrollers and development tools. Soft- ware libraries and support are available from Microchip with further literature references for advanced users. BASICS OF COLOR SCIENCE In its purest form, color is associated with the wavelength of light, within human visible range, from about 400 nm (Violet) to 700 nm (Red), with Yellow centered at about 575 nm. That means, if a light of 575 nm wavelength is incident on human eyes, it is perceived as a Yellow light. We have also learned that colors can be derived from three basic colors: Red, Blue and Green. For example, Yellow can be derived by mixing Red and Green lights. Is this true? The answer is both no and yes. It is no because mixing Red and Green lights will constitute a mixture of lights with wavelengths of 700 nm and 560 nm, and there is not a wavelength representing Yellow. The answer is yes because human eyes perceive this mixture as a Yellow colored light. Therefore, we see the mixture of Red and Green lights as a single Yellow light, as shown in Figure 1. This is due to the color recognition properties of the human eye. FIGURE 1: RED + GREEN = YELLOW Human eyes perceive the light as a Yellow colored light instead of separate Red and Green colored lights. This color recognition property of the human eye is the foundation of the RGB (Red, Green and Blue) model. The model states that the human eye can be made to perceive different colors by mixing appropriate proportions (intensities) of Red, Blue and Green colors. Therefore, a ‘colored’ light can be formed by mixing different proportions of Red, Green and Blue colors. • Mixing the same proportions of three RGB colors gives a Gray color • Mixing a zero amount of all RGB colors gives a Black color • Mixing a maximum amount of all RGB colors gives a White color Varying the intensity of light, while keeping the same proportion of RGB, gives different shades of Gray, which is also known as ‘Grayscale’. Using a single color (a fixed proportion of RGB) throughout an appli- cation gives a ‘Monochrome’ application, meaning a single color. Since everything is represented in bits and bytes in a digital system, then how can actual colors be repre- sented as a number in the form of bits or bytes? Each of these three basic colors (RGB) can represent a byte for a number ranging from 0 to 255. Therefore, with 3 bytes, we can represent 16 million colors (224) and this is termed as “True Color”. It is also common to use 16 bits to represent colors. With 16 bits, we can represent 64K colors (216), which is sufficient for many graphics applications. Author: Pradeep Budagutta Microchip Technology Inc. Developing Embedded Graphics Applications using PIC® Microcontrollers with Integrated Graphics Controller |
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