ATMEGA644 datasheet(31/374 Pages) ATMEL

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2593L–AVR–02/07

ATmega644

7.3

Low Power Crystal Oscillator

This Crystal Oscillator is a low power oscillator, with reduced voltage swing on the XTAL2 out-

put. It gives the lowest power consumption, but is not capable of driving other clock inputs, and

may be more susceptible to noise in noisy environments. In these cases, refer to the ”Full Swing

Crystal Oscillator” on page 32.

Some initial guidelines for choosing capacitors for use with crystals are given in Table 7-3. The

crystal should be connected as described in ”Clock Source Connections” on page 30.

The Low Power Oscillator can operate in three different modes, each optimized for a specific fre-

quency range. The operating mode is selected by the fuses CKSEL3..1 as shown in Table 7-3.

Notes:

1. The frequency ranges are preliminary values. Actual values are TBD.

2. This option should not be used with crystals, only with ceramic resonators.

3. If 8 MHz frequency exceeds the specification of the device (depends on VCC), the CKDIV8

Fuse can be programmed in order to divide the internal frequency by 8. It must be ensured

that the resulting divided clock meets the frequency specification of the device.

The CKSEL0 Fuse together with the SUT1..0 Fuses select the start-up times as shown in Table

7-4.

Table 7-3.

Low Power Crystal Oscillator Operating Modes

(3)

Frequency Range(1) (MHz)

CKSEL3..1

Recommended Range for Capacitors C1

and C2 (pF)

0.4 - 0.9

100(2)

–

0.9 - 3.0

101

12 - 22

3.0 - 8.0

110

12 - 22

8.0 - 16.0

111

12 - 22

Table 7-4.

Start-up Times for the Low Power Crystal Oscillator Clock Selection

Oscillator Source /

Power Conditions

Start-up Time from

Power-down and

Power-save

Additional Delay

from Reset

(VCC = 5.0V)

CKSEL0

SUT1..0

Ceramic resonator, fast

rising power

258 CK

14CK + 4.1 ms(1)

000

Ceramic resonator, slowly

rising power

258 CK

14CK + 65 ms(1)

001

Ceramic resonator, BOD

enabled

1K CK

14CK(2)

010

Ceramic resonator, fast

rising power

1K CK

14CK + 4.1 ms(2)

011

Ceramic resonator, slowly

rising power

1K CK

14CK + 65 ms(2)

100

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