ATMEGA640 datasheet(68/436 Pages) MICROCHIP

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ATmega640/V-1280/V-1281/V-2560/V-2561/V [DATASHEET]

DS40002211A

13.2 Ports as General Digital I/O

The ports are bi-directional I/O ports with optional internal pull-ups. Figure 13-2 shows a functional description of

one I/O-port pin, here generically called Pxn.

Figure 13-2. General Digital I/O(1)

Note:

1. WRx, WPx, WDx, RRx, RPx, and RDx are common to all pins within the same port. clkI/O, SLEEP, and PUD are

common to all ports.

13.2.1

Configuring the Pin

Each port pin consists of three register bits: DDxn, PORTxn, and PINxn. As shown in “Table 13-34 and Table 13-

35 relates the alternate functions of Port L to the overriding signals shown in Figure 13-5 on page 73.” on page 95,

the DDxn bits are accessed at the DDRx I/O address, the PORTxn bits at the PORTx I/O address, and the PINxn

bits at the PINx I/O address.

The DDxn bit in the DDRx Register selects the direction of this pin. If DDxn is written logic one, Pxn is configured

as an output pin. If DDxn is written logic zero, Pxn is configured as an input pin.

If PORTxn is written logic one when the pin is configured as an input pin, the pull-up resistor is activated. To switch

the pull-up resistor off, PORTxn has to be written logic zero or the pin has to be configured as an output pin. The

port pins are tri-stated when reset condition becomes active, even if no clocks are running.

If PORTxn is written logic one when the pin is configured as an output pin, the port pin is driven high (one). If

PORTxn is written logic zero when the pin is configured as an output pin, the port pin is driven low (zero).

13.2.2

Toggling the Pin

Writing a logic one to PINxn toggles the value of PORTxn, independent on the value of DDRxn. Note that the SBI

instruction can be used to toggle one single bit in a port.

clk

RPx

RRx

RDx

WDx

PUD

SYNCHRONIZER

WDx:

WRITE DDRx

WRx:

WRITE PORTx

RRx:

READ PORTx REGISTER

RPx:

READ PORTx PIN

PUD:

PULLUP DISABLE

clk

I/O:

I/O CLOCK

RDx:

READ DDRx

RESET

CLR

PORTxn

CLR

DDxn

PINxn

SLEEP

SLEEP:

SLEEP CONTROL

Pxn

I/O

WPx

WRx

WPx:

WRITE PINx REGISTER

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