ATmega88 datasheet(174/340 Pages) ATMEL

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7530H–AVR–02/09

ATmega48/88/168 Automotive

17.5.2

Sending Frames with 9 Data Bit

If 9-bit characters are used (UCSZn = 7), the ninth bit must be written to the TXB8 bit in

UCSRnB before the low byte of the character is written to UDRn. The following code examples

show a transmit function that handles 9-bit characters. For the assembly code, the data to be

sent is assumed to be stored in registers R17:R16.

Notes:

1. These transmit functions are written to be general functions. They can be optimized if the con-

tents of the UCSRnB is static. For example, only the TXB8 bit of the UCSRnB Register is used

after initialization.

2. The example code assumes that the part specific header file is included.

For I/O Registers located in extended I/O map, “IN”, “OUT”, “SBIS”, “SBIC”, “CBI”, and “SBI”

instructions must be replaced with instructions that allow access to extended I/O. Typically

“LDS” and “STS” combined with “SBRS”, “SBRC”, “SBR”, and “CBR”.

The ninth bit can be used for indicating an address frame when using multi processor communi-

cation mode or for other protocol handling as for example synchronization.

Assembly Code Example

(1)(2)

USART_Transmit:

; Wait for empty transmit buffer

sbis

UCSRnA,UDREn

rjmp

USART_Transmit

; Copy 9th bit from r17 to TXB8

cbi

UCSRnB,TXB8

sbrc

r17,0

sbi

UCSRnB,TXB8

; Put LSB data (r16) into buffer, sends the data

out

UDRn,r16

ret

C Code Example

(1)(2)

void

USART_Transmit( unsigned int data )

{

/* Wait for empty transmit buffer */

while

( !( UCSRnA & (1<<UDREn))) )

;

/* Copy 9th bit to TXB8 */

UCSRnB &= ~(1<<TXB8);

if ( data & 0x0100 )

UCSRnB |= (1<<TXB8);

/* Put data into buffer, sends the data */

UDRn = data;

}

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