HT46R53 datasheet(11/42 Pages) HOLTEK

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HT46R53/HT46R54

Rev. 1.40

July 12, 2005

Oscillator Configuration

There are two oscillator circuits in the microcontroller.

Both of them are designed for system clocks, namely

the external RC oscillator and the external Crystal oscil-

lator, which are determined by options. No matter what

oscillator type is selected, the signal provides the sys-

tem clock. The HALT mode stops the system oscillator

and ignores an external signal to conserve power.

If an RC oscillator is used, an external resistor between

OSC1 and VSS is required and the resistance must

range from 30k

W to 750kW. The system clock, divided

by 4, is available on OSC2 with pull-high resistor, which

can be used to synchronize external logic. The RC os-

cillator provides the most cost effective solution. How-

ever, the frequency of oscillation may vary with VDD,

temperatures and the chip itself due to process varia-

tions. It is therefore not suitable for timing sensitive op-

erations where an accurate oscillator frequency is

desired.

If the Crystal oscillator is used, a crystal across OSC1

and OSC2 is needed to provide the feedback and phase

shift required for the oscillator, and no other external

components are required. Instead of a crystal, a resona-

tor can also be connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to

get a frequency reference, but two external capacitors in

OSC1 and OSC2 are required (If the oscillator can be

disabled by options to conserve power).

The WDT oscillator is a free running on-chip RC oscillator,

and no external components are required. Even if the sys-

tem enters the power down mode, the system clock is

stopped, but the WDT oscillator still works with a period of

approximately 65

ms at 5V. The WDT oscillator can be dis-

abled by option to conserve power.

Watchdog Timer

- WDT

The clock source of the WDT is implemented by a dedi-

cated RC oscillator (WDT oscillator) or instruction clock

(system clock divided by 4) decided by options. This

timer is designed to prevent a software mal-function or

sequence jumping to an unknown location with unpre-

dictable results. The watchdog timer can be disabled by

an option. If the watchdog timer is disabled, all the exe-

cutions related to the WDT result in no operation.

The WDT clock (fS) is further divided by an internal

counter to give longer watchdog time-outs. In the case

of HT46R53/Ht46R54 devices, the division ratio can be

varied by selecting different configuration options to

give 2

12 to 215 division ratio range.

Once an internal WDT oscillator (RC oscillator with pe-

riod of 65

ms normally) is selected, it is divided by 216 to

get the time-out period of approximately 4.3s. This

time-out period may vary with temperature, VDD and

process variations.

If the WDT oscillator is disabled, the WDT clock may still

come from the instruction clock and operate in the same

manner except that in the HALT state the WDT may stop

counting and lose its protecting purpose. In this situation

the logic can only be restarted by external logic. If the

device operates in a noisy environment, using the

on-chip RC oscillator (WDT OSC) is strongly recom-

mended, since the HALT will stop the system clock.

The WDT overflow under normal operation will initialize

²chip reset² and set the status bit TO. Whereas in the

HALT mode, the overflow will initialize a

²warm reset²

wherein only the Program Counter and SP are reset to

zero. To clear the contents of the WDT, three methods

are adopted; external reset (a low level to RES), soft-

ware instructions, or a HALT instruction. The software

instructions include

²CLR WDT² and the other set CLR

WDT1 and CLR WDT2. Of these two types of instruc-

tion, only one can be active depending on the option

²CLR WDT times selection option².Ifthe ²CLR WDT² is

selected (i.e. CLRWDT times equal one), any execution

of the CLR WDT instruction will clear the WDT. In case

²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² are chosen (i.e.

CLRWDT times equal two), these two instructions must

C r y s t a l O s c i l l a t o r

R C O s c i l l a t o r

O S C 2

O S C 1

O S C 2

f S Y S / 4

4 7 0 p F

V D D

System Oscillator

W D T S o u r c e

C o n f i g u r a t i o n

O p t i o n

C o n t r o l

L o g i c

C L R W D T 1 F l a g

C L R W D T 2 F l a g

1 o r 2 I n s t r u c t i o n s

f S Y S / 4

W D T O s c i l l a t o r

8 - b i t C o u n t e r

f S

C L R

W D T T i m e - o u t

¸ 2

7 - b i t C o u n t e r

f S / 2 8

f S / 2 1 2 , f S / 2 1 3 , f S / 2 1 4 o r f S / 2 1 5

W D T D i v i s i o n

C o n f i g u r a t i o n O p t i o n

( 2 1 3 / f S , 2 1 4 / f S , 2 1 5 / f S o r 2 1 6 / f S )

Watchdog Timer

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