TPA2016D2 datasheet(30/51 Pages) TI2

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TPA2016D2

SLOS524E – JUNE 2008 – REVISED MAY 2016

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Typical Applications (continued)

10.2.1.1 Design Requirements

For this design example, use the parameters listed in Table 12.

Table 12. Design Parameters

PARAMETER

EXAMPLE VALUE

Power supply

5 V

Enable inputs

High > 1.3 V

Low < 0.6 V

Speaker

10.2.1.2 Detailed Design Procedure

10.2.1.2.1

Surface Mount Capacitors

Temperature and applied DC voltage influence the actual capacitance of high-K materials. Table 13 shows the

relationship between the different types of high-K materials and their associated tolerances, temperature

coefficients, and temperature ranges. Notice that a capacitor made with X5R material can lose up to 15% of its

capacitance within its working temperature range.

In an application, the working capacitance of components made with high-K materials is generally much lower

than nominal capacitance. A worst-case result with a typical X5R material might be –10% tolerance, –15%

temperature effect, and –45% DC voltage effect at 50% of the rated voltage. This particular case would result in

a working capacitance of 42% (0.9 × 0.85 × 0.55) of the nominal value.

Select high-K ceramic capacitors according to the following rules:

1. Use capacitors made of materials with temperature coefficients of X5R, X7R, or better.

2. Use capacitors with DC voltage ratings of at least twice the application voltage. Use minimum 10-V

capacitors for the TPA2016D2.

3. Choose a capacitance value at least twice the nominal value calculated for the application. Multiply the

nominal value by a factor of 2 for safety. If a 10-

μF capacitor is required, use 20 µF.

The preceding rules and recommendations apply to capacitors used in connection with the TPA2016D2. The

TPA2016D2 cannot meet its performance specifications if the rules and recommendations are not followed.

Table 13. Typical Tolerance and Temperature Coefficient of Capacitance by Material

MATERIAL

COG/NPO

X7R

X5R

Typical tolerance

±5%

±10%

80 / –20%

Temperature

±30 ppm

±15%

22 / –82%

Temperature range, °C

–55 to 125°C

–30 to 85°C

10.2.1.2.2

Decoupling Capacitor, CS

The TPA2016D2 is a high-performance Class-D audio amplifier that requires adequate power supply decoupling

to ensure the efficiency is high and total harmonic distortion (THD) is low. For higher frequency transients,

spikes, or digital hash on the line, a good low equivalent-series-resistance (ESR) 1-

μF ceramic capacitor

(typically) placed as close as possible to the device PVDD (L, R) lead works best. Placing this decoupling

capacitor close to the TPA2016D2 is important for the efficiency of the Class-D amplifier, because any resistance

or inductance in the trace between the device and the capacitor can cause a loss in efficiency. For filtering lower-

frequency noise signals, a 4.7-

μF or greater capacitor placed near the audio power amplifier would also help, but

it is not required in most applications because of the high PSRR of this device.

10.2.1.2.3

Input Capacitors, CI

The input capacitors and input resistors form a high-pass filter with the corner frequency, fC, determined in

Equation 5.

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