MCP19116 datasheet(91/246 Pages) MICROCHIP

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 2015-2016 Microchip Technology Inc.

DS20005479B-page 91

MCP19116/7

11.4

PCL and PCLATH

The Program Counter (PC) is 13 bits wide. The low byte

comes from the PCL register, which is a readable and

writable register. The high byte (PC<12:8>) is not directly

readable or writable and comes from PCLATH. On any

reset, the PC is cleared. Figure 11-3 shows the two

situations for loading the PC:

• the upper example shows how the PC is loaded

on a write to PCL (PCLATH <4:0>

 PCH)

• the lower example shows how the PC is loaded

during a CALL or GOTO instruction (PCLATH<4:3>

 PCH).

FIGURE 11-3:

PROGRAM COUNTER

(PC) LOADING IN

DIFFERENT SITUATIONS

11.4.1

MODIFYING PCL REGISTER

Executing any instruction with the PCL register as the

destination simultaneously causes the Program

Counter PC<12:8> bits (PCH) to be replaced by the

contents of the PCLATH register. This allows the entire

contents of the program counter to be changed by

writing the desired upper five bits to the PCLATH

PCL register, all 13 bits of the program counter will

change to the values contained in the PCLATH register

and those being written to the PCL register.

11.4.2

COMPUTED GOTO

A computed GOTO is accomplished by adding an offset

to the program counter (ADDWF PCL). Care should be

exercised when jumping into a look-up table or

program branch table (computed GOTO) by modifying

the PCL register. Assuming that PCLATH is set to the

table start address, if the table length is greater than

255 instructions or if the lower eight bits of the memory

address roll over from 0xFFh to 0X00h in the middle of

the table, then PCLATH must be incremented for each

address rollover that occurs between the table

beginning and the table location within the table.

For more information, refer to Application Note AN556,

“Implementing a Table Read” (DS00000556).

11.4.3

COMPUTED FUNCTION CALLS

A computed function CALL allows programs to maintain

tables of functions and provide another way to execute

state machines or look-up tables. When performing a

table-read using a computed function CALL, care

should be exercised if the table location crosses a PCL

memory boundary (each 256-byte block).

If using the CALL instruction, the PCH<2:0> and PCL

registers are loaded with the operand of the CALL

instruction. PCH<4:3> is loaded with PCLATH<4:3>.

11.4.4

STACK

The MCP19116/7 devices have an 8-level x 13-bit wide

hardware stack (refer to Figure 11-1). The stack space

is not part of either program or data space and the

Stack Pointer is not readable or writable. The PC is

PUSHed onto the stack when a CALL instruction is

executed or an interrupt causes a branch. The stack is

POPed in the event of a RETURN, RETLW or a RETFIE

instruction execution. PCLATH is not affected by a

PUSH or POP operation.

The stack operates as a circular buffer. This means that

after the stack has been PUSHed eight times, the 9th

push overwrites the value that was stored from the first

push. The tenth push overwrites the second push (and

so on).

11.5

Indirect Addressing, INDF and

FSR Registers

The INDF register is not a physical register. Addressing

the INDF register will cause indirect addressing.

Indirect addressing is possible by using the INDF

INDF register actually accesses data pointed to by the

File Select Register (FSR). Reading INDF itself

indirectly will produce 00h. Writing to the INDF register

directly results in a NO OPERATION (NOP) (although

Status bits may be affected). An effective 9-bit address

is obtained by concatenating the 8-bit FSR and the IRP

bit in the STATUS register, as shown in Figure 11-4.

A simple program to clear RAM location 40h-7Fh using

indirect addressing is shown in Example 11-3.

8 7

PCLATH<4:0>

PCLATH

Instruction with

ALU Result

GOTO, CALL

OPCODE <10:0>

12 11 10

PCLATH<4:3>

PCH

PCL

PCLATH

PCH

PCL

Destination

Note 1: There are no Status bits to indicate Stack

Overflow or Stack Underflow conditions.

2: There are no instructions/mnemonics

called PUSH or POP. These are actions

that occur from the execution of the

CALL, RETURN, RETLW and RETFIE

instructions or the vectoring to an

interrupt address.

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