ATmega32U2 datasheet(33/314 Pages) ATMEL

33 / 314 page

7799B–AVR–07/09

ATmega8U2/16U2/32U2

Notes:

1. These options should only be used when not operating close to the maximum frequency of the

device, and only if frequency stability at start-up is not important for the application. These

options are not suitable for crystals.

They can also be used with crystals when not operating close to the maximum frequency of the device, and

if frequency stability at start-up is not important for the application.

8.6

Calibrated Internal RC Oscillator

By default, the Internal RC Oscillator provides an approximate 8 MHz clock. Though voltage and

temperature dependent, this clock can be very accurately calibrated by the the user. See Table

26-1 on page 266 for more details. The device is shipped with the CKDIV8 Fuse programmed.

See “System Clock Prescaler” on page 35 for more details.

This clock may be selected as the system clock by programming the CKSEL Fuses as shown in

Table 8-6. If selected, it will operate with no external components. During reset, hardware loads

the pre-programmed calibration value into the OSCCAL Register and thereby automatically cal-

ibrates the RC Oscillator. The accuracy of this calibration is shown as Factory calibration in

Table 26-1 on page 266.

By changing the OSCCAL register from SW, see “OSCCAL – Oscillator Calibration Register” on

page 38, it is possible to get a higher calibration accuracy than by using the factory calibration.

The accuracy of this calibration is shown as User calibration in Table 26-1 on page 266.

When this Oscillator is used as the chip clock, the Watchdog Oscillator will still be used for the

Watchdog Timer and for the Reset Time-out. For more information on the pre-programmed cali-

bration value, see the section “Calibration Byte” on page 249.

Table 1. Start-up Times for the Full Swing Crystal Oscillator Clock Selection

Oscillator Source /

Power Conditions

Start-up Time from

Power-down and

Power-save

Additional Delay

from Reset

(VCC = 5.0V)

CKSEL0

SUT1..0

Ceramic resonator, fast

rising power

258 CK

14CK + 4.1 ms(1)

000

Ceramic resonator,

slowly rising power

258 CK

14CK + 65 ms(1)

001

Ceramic resonator,

BOD enabled

1K CK

14CK(2)

010

Ceramic resonator, fast

rising power

1K CK

14CK + 4.1 ms(2)

011

Ceramic resonator,

slowly rising power

1K CK

14CK + 65 ms(2)

100

Crystal Oscillator, BOD

enabled

16K CK

14CK

Crystal Oscillator, fast

rising power

16K CK

14CK + 4.1 ms

Crystal Oscillator,

slowly rising power

16K CK

14CK + 65 ms

Table 8-6.

Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator Operating Modes

(3)

Frequency Range(2) (MHz)

CKSEL3..0

7.3 - 8.1

0010

(1)

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