ATMEGA88 datasheet(65/349 Pages) ATMEL

65 / 349 page

ATmega48/88/168

2545D–AVR–07/04

Consider the clock period starting shortly after the first falling edge of the system clock.

The latch is closed when the clock is low, and goes transparent when the clock is high,

as indicated by the shaded region of the “SYNC LATCH” signal. The signal value is

latched when the system clock goes low. It is clocked into the PINxn Register at the suc-

ceeding positive clock edge. As indicated by the two arrows tpd,max and tpd,min, a

single signal transition on the pin will be delayed between ½ and 1½ system clock

period depending upon the time of assertion.

When reading back a software assigned pin value, a nop instruction must be inserted as

indicated in Figure 26. The out instruction sets the “SYNC LATCH” signal at the positive

edge of the clock. In this case, the delay tpd through the synchronizer is 1 system clock

period.

Figure 26. Synchronization when Reading a Software Assigned Pin Value

The following code example shows how to set port B pins 0 and 1 high, 2 and 3 low, and

define the port pins from 4 to 7 as input with pull-ups assigned to port pins 6 and 7. The

resulting pin values are read back again, but as previously discussed, a nop instruction

is included to be able to read back the value recently assigned to some of the pins.

out PORTx, r16

nop

in r17, PINx

0xFF

0x00

0xFF

SYSTEM CLK

r16

INSTRUCTIONS

SYNC LATCH

PINxn

r17

ATMEGA88 Datasheet(PDF) 65 Page - ATMEL Corporation