4559 datasheet(19/148 Pages) RENESAS

19 / 148 page

Rev.1.04

Aug 23, 2007

Page 19 of 146

REJ03B0188-0104

4559 Group

(5) Stack registers (SKs) and stack pointer (SP)

Stack registers are 14-bit registers.

Stack registers (SKs) are used to temporarily store the contents of

program counter (PC) just before branching until returning to the

original routine when;

• branching to an interrupt service routine (referred to as an

interrupt service routine),

• performing a subroutine call, or

• executing the table reference instruction (TABP p).

Stack registers (SKs) are eight identical registers, so that

subroutines can be nested up to 8 levels. However, one of stack

registers is used respectively when using an interrupt service

routine and when executing a table reference instruction.

Accordingly, be careful not to over the stack when performing

these operations together. The contents of registers SKs are

destroyed when 8 levels are exceeded.

The register SK nesting level is pointed automatically by 3-bit

stack pointer (SP). The contents of the stack pointer (SP) can be

transferred to register A with the TASP instruction.

Figure 16 shows the stack registers (SKs) structure.

Figure 17 shows the example of operation at subroutine call.

(6) Interrupt stack register (SDP)

Interrupt stack register (SDP) is a 1-stage register. When an

interrupt occurs, this register (SDP) is used to temporarily store

the contents of data pointer, carry flag, skip flag, register A, and

routine.

Unlike the stack registers (SKs), this register (SDP) is not used

when executing the subroutine call instruction and the table

reference instruction.

(7) Skip flag

Skip flag controls skip decision for the conditional skip

instructions and continuous described skip instructions. When an

interrupt occurs, the contents of skip flag is stored automatically

in the interrupt stack register (SDP) and the skip condition is

retained.

Fig 16. Stack registers (SKs) structure

Fig 17. Example of operation at subroutine call

Program counter (PC)

SK0

SK1

SK2

SK3

SK4

SK5

SK6

SK7

(SP) = 0

(SP) = 1

(SP) = 2

(SP) = 3

(SP) = 4

(SP) = 5

(SP) = 6

(SP) = 7

Stack pointer (SP) points “7” at reset or

returning from power down mode.

It points “0” b y executing the first B M

instruction, and the contents of program

counter is stored in SK0.

When the BM instruction is executed after

eight stack registers are used ((SP) = 7), (SP)

= 0 and the contents of SK0 is destroyed.

Executing BM instruction

Executing RT instruction

(SP)

← 0

(SK0)

← 000116

(PC)

← SUB1

(PC)

← (SK0)

(SP)

← 7

Main program

Address

000016 NOP

000116 BM SUB1

000216 NOP

SUB1:

NOP

Subroutine

Note :Returning to the BM instruction execution

address with the RT instruction, and the BM

instruction becomes the NOP instruction.

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